Abstract:

The status of marriages among LGBTQ individuals has evolved dramatically, reflecting global strides toward equality amid persistent challenges. In over 30 countries, including the United States (Obergefell v. Hodges, 2015), Canada, and much of Western Europe, same-sex marriage is fully legalised, granting couples rights to joint adoption, inheritance, and spousal benefits. LGBTQ marriage equality has boosted mental health outcomes, with studies showing reduced suicide rates by up to 7% post-legalization (Raifman et al., 2017).

Yet, disparities persist. In India, Section 377's partial decriminalisation (Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India, 2018) stopped criminalising consensual same-sex relations, but same-sex marriage remains unrecognised, denied by the Supreme Court in October 2023, despite petitions for LGBTQ+ marital rights. Couples face hurdles in inheritance, hospital visitation, and child custody. Globally, 60+ nations still criminalise homosexuality, banning LGBTQ weddings outright, while others like Taiwan (Asia's first, 2019) lead regionally.

Societal acceptance varies: surveys indicate 70% U.S. support, versus under 20% in parts of Africa and the Middle East. Transgender marriages add complexity, with legal gender recognition often required. Advocacy groups push for inclusive marriage laws, highlighting benefits like family stability. Challenges include religious opposition, conversion therapy bans, and rising anti-LGBTQ legislation (e.g., U.S. state bans on gender-affirming care). Ultimately, LGBTQ marriage status symbolises broader human rights progress, though full equity demands ongoing reform.

Keywords:

LGBTQ marriage, Same-sex marriage, Marriage equality, LGBTQ rights, Legal recognition.1

Aim/Objectives

Methods