Abstract:

Agriculture remains the cornerstone of India, providing livelihoods to a major section of the population. Women constitute nearly 42% of the agricultural workforce, contributing extensively to farming, livestock management, and post-harvest processes. Despite their vital role, a persistent wage gap between female and male laborers in the sector poses a critical challenge. Women typically earn 20–30% less than men for performing similar tasks, perpetuating economic inequality and trapping rural families in poverty cycles. This study examines the root causes of wage disparity in Indian agriculture, emphasizing the influence of cultural norms, informal labor arrangements, limited access to education and skill development, and minimal representation in decision-making roles. By analyzing data from various regions and presenting case studies, key areas have been identified including horticulture and millet farming, where gender-based wage gaps are particularly evident. Furthermore, the study evaluates the role of existing labor laws, government initiatives, and rural development programs in addressing wage inequalities. It offers practical recommendations to promote wage equity, such as empowering women through cooperatives, implementing gender-focused agricultural training, enforcing labor regulations effectively, and fostering private-sector collaboration. This paper conveys that achieving wage parity is not only for social justice but a critical step for enhancing agricultural productivity with sustainable development. Empowering women through equitable wages, India can unlock the full potential of its agricultural sector, thereby fostering inclusive economic growth.

Keywords:

Wage gap, Poverty cycle, Labor laws, Horticulture & Rural development programs

Aim/Objectives

Methods