International Journal of Contemporary Research in Multidisciplinary

Abstract:

Firozabad, a prominent industrial city in Uttar Pradesh, India, renowned for its extensive glass manufacturing industry, has been grappling with escalating air pollution levels, posing significant environmental and public health challenges. This study undertakes a comprehensive spatio-temporal assessment of ambient air pollution in Firozabad over twelve years (2013–2024), focusing on key pollutants: particulate matter (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). Utilizing data from three strategically located monitoring stations representing industrial (CDGI area), residential (Tilak Nagar), and commercial (Raja Ka Taal) zones, the research employs the Exceedance Factor (EF) methodology as prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) to evaluate pollution levels against the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).​ The findings reveal persistently critical levels of PM₁₀ across all sites, with concentrations significantly surpassing the NAAQS limit of 60 µg/m³, particularly in residential areas where values peaked at 1100 µg/m³ in 2024. SO₂ levels remained within permissible limits throughout the study period, indicating effective control measures. However, NO₂ concentrations exhibited a concerning upward trend post-2020, approaching the NAAQS threshold, especially in residential zones, likely due to increased vehicular emissions and industrial activities. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted air quality management strategies, including adopting cleaner technologies, stringent emission controls, and enhanced public awareness to mitigate pollution levels and safeguard public health in Firozabad.

Keywords:

Air pollution, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, Exceedance Factor (EF), Spatio-temporal analysis

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Methods