International Journal of Contemporary Research in Multidisciplinary

Abstract:

The present research work was carried out to understand the influence of basin morphometric parameters on runoff potential in a basin using satellite images, topographical maps, and rainfall data combined with geospatial techniques. The Sona River basin is located in the Chaibasa plain of Ranchi, Khunti, Seraikela & East Singhbhum district, of Jharkhand State, Eastern India. The river Sona and its tributaries are draining through the basin area covering about 484.58 km2. Kulachki River, Parambera River, Suru Nala, Ragra Nala, Kantnta-Juria Nala, Bapra Nala & Kanke Nadi are the six major sub-tributary basins of the river Sona. The quantitative analysis of basin morphometry reveals that the area is influenced by steep ground slopes, with moderate to less permeable rocks, leading to high runoff. The basin is elongated in shape, resulting in a flatter peak of flow for a longer duration. The mean monthly rainfall data from 1991–2020 were used in the estimation of runoff potential. The Surface Run-off Potential was determined by the vegetation cover, integration of land use and land cover, slope characteristics, hydrological soil groups, precipitation characteristics & basin morphometric attributes. It was observed from the analysis that the overall increase in runoff corresponded to the rainfall. The area receives a good amount of rainfall, but most of it is lost as surface runoff (nearly 40% of total rainfall) due to rapid overland flow and impermeable rocks. Analysis of morphometric parameters combined with Surface Run-off Potential approaches can be explored with the help of the Surface Run-off Potential Index (SRPI) as an alternative for simulating the hydrological response of the basins. The SRPI value becomes very high (7.95) in the case of Suru Nala (a left bank tributary of Sona) & becomes very low (3.75) in the case of Ragra Nala.

Keywords:

Basin Morphometry, Surface Run-off Potential, Run-off Coefficient

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Methods