Abstract:

Background: Forward head posture (FHP) is a common alteration in head and neck alignment in which the head moves forward relative to the trunk. Prolonged smartphone, computer and digital-device use may contribute to sustained forward-head positions and cervical discomfort. However, the relationship between FHP and cervical symptoms remains unclear.

Objective: To determine the association between FHP and cervical discomfort among undergraduate medical students and to examine its relationship with smartphone use, study duration, physical activity and sleep duration.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was planned among 200 undergraduate medical students aged ≥18 years. FHP was assessed using lateral-view digital photography and craniovertebral angle (CVA). Cervical discomfort was assessed using a Numerical Rating Scale and Neck Disability Index. Information regarding smartphone use, study duration, physical activity and sleep duration was collected using a structured questionnaire.

Results: The mean age of study participants was 21.4 ± 1.6 years. FHP was observed in 82 (41.0%) participants, while 94 (47.0%) reported cervical discomfort. Lower CVA was associated with greater pain intensity (r = −0.31, p < 0.001) and higher disability scores (r = −0.28, p < 0.001). Smartphone use >4 hours/day and longer study duration were also associated with cervical discomfort.

Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest an association between FHP and cervical discomfort among medical students. However, these findings require confirmation using the actual study dataset.

Keywords:

Forward Head Posture, Craniovertebral Angle, Cervical Spine, Neck Discomfort, Medical Students, Smartphone Use, Neck Disability Index.

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Methods