Abstract:

Rudrapalash is an attractive ornamental tree that is well known for its beautiful flowers and is also considered important from medicinal and scientific perspectives. In botany, it is known as Spathodea campanulata. In the English language, this tree is commonly known as the African Tulip Tree. This tree is originally native to West Africa, but today it is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in India as well as in many other tropical and subtropical countries. The flowers often contain watery nectar; therefore, in some places it is also called the ‘Fountain Tree’. Because of its ornamental importance, it is widely planted not only in tropical regions but also in other suitable climatic areas. Its bright red–orange flowers and rapid growth make it highly attractive for garden landscaping, roadside plantations, and urban green spaces. However, this plant contains several bioactive compounds, mainly alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and glycosides. These compounds provide the plant with therapeutic properties, while at the same time they may also create certain toxicological risks. Studies have shown that the nectar and flower extracts of this plant may be toxic to certain insect pollinators. In contrast, extracts from its leaves and flowers have demonstrated antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities, indicating its potential medicinal applications. This review article synthesizes the current scientific knowledge related to the phytochemistry, toxicology, pharmacological potential, and forensic significance of S. campanulata. It also emphasizes the need for controlled utilization and further comprehensive research to maximize its benefits while minimizing potential ecological and health risks.

Keywords:

Rudrapalash, African Tulip Tree, Spathodea campanulata, Toxicity, Therapeutic Potential, Traditional Medicine, Forensic Relevance.

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