Agriculture remains the backbone of India, yet modern farming practices have increasingly strained ecosystems through soil degradation, biodiversity loss, and excessive chemical use. Organic farming offers a sustainable alternative by promoting natural soil fertility, crop diversity, and ecological balance while minimizing environmental harm. This study, based on secondary data from journals, government reports, and online resources, reviews ten key works on organic farming in India. The findings highlight that organic farming contributes to food security, rural development, and alignment with India’s sustainability goals, though challenges such as lower yields, higher costs, labor intensity, and certification barriers persist. Government initiatives, including PKVY, NPOP, and MOVCDNER, have strengthened organic value chains and exports, while technological interventions like precision farming, drones, and digital marketplaces show potential to overcome productivity and market access limitations. The study concludes that organic farming represents a viable pathway to sustainable agriculture, provided stronger policy support, awareness programs, and innovative technologies are adopted to ensure economic viability and farmer participation.