Millions of people worldwide suffer from skin conditions such psoriasis, acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, and superficial fungal infections. Oral and topical formulations are the mainstays of conventional treatment techniques; however, both have serious drawbacks, such as low bioavailability, systemic side effects, insufficient skin penetration, and decreased patient compliance. Drug penetration into deeper skin layers is inhibited by the stratum corneum, a highly ordered and selective permeability barrier. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS), especially vesicular carriers including liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, and transferosomes, have been thoroughly studied in an effort to get around these restrictions. These systems limit systemic toxicity, offer controlled release, increase cutaneous and transdermal penetration, and improve drug stability.

The limitations of oral and traditional topical treatments, the structure and barrier function of the skin, and the function of vesicular systems in dermatological treatment are all critically discussed in this paper. The better penetrating effectiveness of transferosomes is highlighted in a comparative analysis of various carriers.