IJ
IJCRM
International Journal of Contemporary Research in Multidisciplinary
ISSN: 2583-7397
Open Access • Peer Reviewed
Impact Factor: 5.67

International Journal of Contemporary Research In Multidisciplinary, 2026;5(2):95-103

A Particle Swarm Optimisation Enhanced CNN Framework for High-Precision Object Detection

Author Name: Kritika Vaid;   Dr. Ravinder Singh Madhan;  

1. Research Scholar, Department of CSE, IEC University, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

2. Research Guide, Department of CSE, IEC University, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

Abstract

The proposed work presents an advanced and efficient framework for ship detection in remote sensing imagery by integrating deep learning techniques with feature- driven visual analysis. The proposed method combines the strengths of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for precise ship body detection and a feature-based approach for the accurate identification of ship wakes. Recognising the challenges posed by complex sea backgrounds, including cloud cover, foam, and occlusions, the method introduces a robust pre-processing pipeline to segment the foreground target from noisy surroundings. To address limitations of earlier approaches confined to clear and isolated scenarios, a multiscale feature extraction strategy is incorporated, allowing effective detection of ships with diverse sizes and orientations. A sea-region modelling step based on statistical analysis enhances the ability to distinguish wakes from background patterns, which is critical for inferring sailing direction and identifying partially visible or cloud-covered vessels. Crucially, a Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO)-based refinement mechanism is integrated into the detection pipeline to fine-tune bounding box predictions generated by the CNN. This hybrid CNN-PSO approach significantly improves localisation accuracy and reduces false positives, especially in densely populated maritime scenes. Through extensive experimentation on large-scale remote sensing datasets, the proposed system achieves a remarkable detection accuracy of 99%, outperforming traditional techniques and establishing its potential for real-world maritime surveillance applications

Keywords

Ocean Engineering, Wake Detection, Image Processing, Vessel Tracking, and Remote Sensing, PSO Etc.