Dr Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891–1956) stands as a colossus in the history of Indian political thought and democratic state-building. This paper explores the intersection of Ambedkar’s active political participation and his theoretical contributions to political science. Unlike his contemporaries, who prioritised political independence from colonial rule, Ambedkar prioritised social emancipation and the annihilation of caste as prerequisites for a true democracy. By examining his role in the Round Table Conferences, the Poona Pact, and the drafting of the Indian Constitution, this paper argues that Ambedkar’s political thought was not merely theoretical but deeply rooted in a pragmatic struggle for human rights. It concludes that his vision of "social democracy"—where liberty, equality, and fraternity are treated as an indivisible trinity—remains a critical framework for understanding modern democratic deficits globally.