Abstract:

This article examines the constitutional recognition of Scheduled Tribes in India and provides a comparative analysis of the ST population across various states and union territories. Specifically, it explores the constitutional provisions that acknowledge the unique status of ST (Scheduled Tribes) and provide special safeguards to promote their welfare and empowerment. The article discusses the evolution of safeguards, including the NC (National Commission) for SC (Scheduled Castes) and ST, the first non-statutory Commission, and the first to fourth statutory commissions. Additionally, it explores the establishment of the first ST commission, separated from SC, up to the fifth ST commission. Furthermore, the article delves into the provisions of the Fifth Schedule, including the allocated area, the Governor's role, the Tribal Advisory Council's role, and the President of India's role. The Sixth Schedule's provisions, which cover legislative, executive, judicial, and financial authorities, are also examined in this article. The article discusses the power and authority of the Governor of the states and the President of India in Tribal areas. Lastly, it explores the various safeguards provided to STs, including political, service, social, economic, educational, and cultural safeguards. This comprehensive analysis provides insight into the constitutional framework and safeguards designed to protect and empower Scheduled Tribes in India, ensuring their rights and interests provide their safeguarded.

Keywords:

India, Scheduled Tribes, Constitutional Recognition, Constitutional Provisions, Safeguards, Fifth Schedule, Sixth Schedule

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