International Journal of Contemporary Research in Multidisciplinary

Abstract:

This review discusses colorectal adenocarcinoma, one of the most common cancers worldwide, with increasing diagnoses and high mortality rates despite therapeutic advancements. Precision medicine plays a crucial role in treatment, with a focus on genetic mutations such as KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF, and microsatellite instability. Targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors are tailored based on the tumor's molecular profile, significantly improving survival rates. Trifluridine/tipiracil, regorafenib, and fruquintinib are effective in advanced stages, though with limited response rates. The importance of genomics and personalized treatment is emphasized, with biomarkers like KRASG12 mutations affecting overall survival outcomes.

Keywords:

Colorectal adenocarcinoma, Precision medicine, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF mutations, Microsatellite instability, Trifluridine/tipiracil, Regorafenib, Immune checkpoint inhibitors

Aim/Objectives

Methods