Earthworms are regarded as important bioindicators of soil health because of their significant role in soil formation, nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, aeration, and maintenance of soil fertility. Their abundance and diversity reflect the physical, chemical, and biological quality of soil ecosystems. College gardens represent valuable green spaces that support diverse soil organisms while contributing to environmental sustainability and biodiversity conservation. The present study investigates the earthworm population and soil health in the garden area of S.S.V. Degree College, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, through a comprehensive analytical review of scientific literature and soil ecological studies. The investigation evaluates the relationship between earthworm abundance and major soil health indicators including soil organic matter, moisture content, pH, texture, nutrient availability, microbial activity, and vegetation cover. The findings indicate that healthy garden soils with higher organic matter and adequate moisture support larger earthworm populations and improved soil fertility. The study further highlights the ecological importance of earthworms in sustainable campus management, organic gardening, and biodiversity conservation. The study concludes that conservation of earthworm populations through eco-friendly management practices is essential for maintaining soil quality and ecological sustainability within educational institutions.