The Government of Karnataka has implemented several guarantee schemes, including Anna Bhagya, Shakti Yojana, Gruha Jyothi, and Yuva Nidhi, to improve the socio-economic conditions of beneficiaries by providing food security, free transport for women, subsidised electricity, and financial support to unemployed youth. These schemes mainly target Below Poverty Line (BPL) households, women, unemployed graduates, and economically weaker sections in both rural and urban areas. This study examines the socio-economic and political impact of these schemes in Karnataka. It analyses changes in household expenditure, access to basic services, and overall living standards, along with issues of implementation and fiscal sustainability. From a political perspective, these schemes reflect welfare-oriented governance and increasing competitive populism in the state. While they have improved public welfare, concerns exist regarding long-term financial burden on the state economy.